Ahead of COP30, UNFCCC Publishes Synthesis Report of 64 New NDCs

The UNFCCC Secretariat has released a new synthesis report analyzing 64 recently submitted nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, registered between 1 January 2024 and 30 September 2025. Together, these NDCs represent about 30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2019. Despite this limited coverage, the report highlights “real and increasing progress” in climate action worldwide.

The report (FCCC/PA/CMA/2025/8) finds that countries are setting out “new national climate targets and plans” that differ in both pace and ambition from previous efforts. It concludes that while global emissions are being bent “further downward,” progress remains too slow to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. A “major acceleration” is needed, it warns, to achieve deeper and faster emissions cuts while ensuring the benefits of strong climate action are shared equitably across all nations.

The Secretariat cautions that the data set is not comprehensive enough to draw global-level conclusions but says the new NDCs provide valuable insights into evolving national efforts and priorities.

Key Findings

• Improved ambition and scope: 89% of the new NDCs include economy-wide targets, reflecting higher quality, credibility, and comprehensiveness.

• Influence of the Global Stocktake: 88% of countries stated their NDCs were informed by the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake (GST), with 80% detailing how the GST shaped their new targets.

• Emission reduction trajectory: The new pledges collectively indicate a projected emissions reduction of 17% (range: 11–24%) below 2019 levels. The trajectories are “broadly consistent” with a linear path from 2030 targets to countries’ long-term net-zero goals.

• Beyond mitigation: All NDCs address broader areas such as adaptation, finance, technology transfer, capacity building, and loss and damage.

• Focus on adaptation: 73% of the submissions include an adaptation component, showing greater emphasis on resilience and climate preparedness.

• Need for cooperation: The report underscores the importance of sustained international collaboration and innovative financial mechanisms to help developing countries implement their pledges.

UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell said that while the world is moving in the right direction, “we have a serious need for more speed, and for helping more countries take stronger climate actions.” He emphasized, “That acceleration must start now.”

The report was published in the lead-up to the 2025 UN Climate Change Conference (COP30), which will take place in Belém, Brazil, from 10–21 November.